ตำรายาของประเทศไทย
Thai Pharmacopoeia
สำนักยาและวัตถุเสพติด กรมวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ กระทรวงสาธารณสุข
Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health
สำนักยาและวัตถุเสพติด กรมวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ กระทรวงสาธารณสุข
Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public HealthPhenol C6H6O = 94.11
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Caution Phenol is caustic, and blanches the skin and mucous membranes. |
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Deliquescent crystals; odour, characteristic.
FREEZING TEMPERATURE Not less than 40º (Appendix 4.4).
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 180º (Appendix 4.6).
Store protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 15º.
2-Phenoxyethanol C8H10O2 = 138.17
DESCRIPTION Colourless, slightly viscous liquid.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water. Miscible with acetone, with ethanol and with glycerol.
FREEZING TEMPERATURE Not less than 12.0º (Appendix 4.4).
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.536 to 1.538 (Appendix 4.7).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE 1.105 to 1.110 g (Appendix 4.9).
Phospholipid Wash a quantity of human or bovine brain freed from meninges and blood vessels and macerate in a suitable blender. Weigh 1000 to 1300 g of the macerate and measure its volume (v ml). Extract with three 4v-ml portions of acetone, filter by suction and dry the precipitate at 37º for 18 hours. Extract the dried precipitate with two 2v-ml portions of a mixture of 2 volumes of petroleum ether (boiling range, 30º to 40º) and 3 volumes of petroleum ether (boiling range, 40º to 60º), filtering each extract through a filter paper previously washed with the petroleum ether mixture. Combine the extracts and evaporate to dryness at 45º at a pressure not exceeding 0.7 kPa (about 5 Torr). Dissolve the residue in 0.2v ml of ether and allow to stand at 4º until a deposit is produced. Centrifuge and evaporate the clear supernatant liquid under reduced pressure until the volume is about 100 ml per kg of the original macerate. Allow to stand at 4º until a precipitate is produced (12 to 24 hours) and centrifuge. To the clear supernatant liquid add 5 volumes of acetone, centrifuge, discard the supernatant liquid, and dry the precipitate.
Store protected from light in a vacuum desiccator.
Phosphomolybdic Acid H3PO4.12MoO3.24H2O = 2257.62
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Fine, orange-yellow crystals.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water.
Phosphoric Acid (Orthophosphoric Acid) H3PO4 = 98.00
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Caution Avoid contact, as phosphoric acid rapidly destroys tissues. |
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce containing not less than 84 per cent w/w of H3PO4 and about 15.7 M in strength.
DESCRIPTION Corrosive, clear colourless, syrupy liquid.
SOLUBILITY Miscible with water and with ethanol.
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.75 g (Appendix 4.9).
Phosphorus Pentoxide Desiccant (Diphosphorus Pentoxide) P2O5 = 141.94
Use a grade specially supplied for use in desiccators.
DESCRIPTION White, amorphous, deliquescent powder hydrated by water with the evolution of heat.
Store in well-closed containers.
Piperazine Hydrate (Piperazine Hexahydrate; Diethylenediamine) C4H10N2.6H2O = 194.23
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, glossy, deliquescent crystals.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 44º (Appendix 4.3).
Plasma, Platelet-poor Withdraw 45 ml of human blood into a 50-ml plastic syringe containing 5 ml of a sterile 3.8 per cent w/v solution of sodium citrate. Immediately centrifuge the citrated whole blood at 1150 × g for 30 minutes at 4º. Remove the upper two thirds of the supernatant plasma using a plastic syringe and immediately centrifuge at 3500 × g for 30 minutes at 4º. Remove the upper two thirds of the liquid and freeze it rapidly in suitable quantities in plastic tubes at a temperature of –40º or below. Use plastic or siliconized equipment throughout.
Plasma Substrate 2 Prepare from human blood containing less than 1 per cent of the normal amount of factor IX. Collect 9 volumes of the blood into 1 volume of a 3.8 per cent w/v solution of sodium citrate.
Store in small amounts in plastic tubes at a temperature of –30º or below.
Platelet Substitute To 0.5 to 1 g of phospholipids add 20 ml of acetone and allow to stand for 2 hours with frequent shaking. Centrifuge for 2 minutes and discard the supernatant liquid. Dry the residue using a water pump, mix with 20 ml of chloroform and shake for 2 hours. Filter under vacuum and suspend the residue obtained in 5 to 10 ml of saline TS.
Prepare a dilution in saline TS so that it will give clotting time differences between consecutive dilutions of the reference preparation used in the “Biological Assay of Human Coagulation Factor IX” (Appendix 15.1.5) of about 10 seconds.
Store the dilute suspensions at –30º and use within 6 weeks.
2-Propanol (Isopropanol) C3H8O = 60.10
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless liquid; odour, characteristic.
BOILING RANGE 81º to 83º (Appendix 4.5).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 0.785 g (Appendix 4.9).
Protamine Sulfate
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
Polyethyleneglycol 400 (Macrogol 400) Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Clear, colourless, viscous liquid.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water and in ethanol.
FREEZING TEMPERATURE About 6º (Appendix 4.4).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.13 g (Appendix 4.9).
VISCOSITY At 20º, about 130 mPa.s (Appendix 4.10).
Polymethylphenylsiloxane Average molecular weight, 4000.
Use chromatographic grade of commerce containing about 50 per cent of methyl groups and 50 per cent of phenyl groups.
DESCRIPTION Very viscous liquid (about 1300 mPa.s).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.09 g (Appendix 4.9).
Polysorbate 20 (Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monolaurate)
Use general reagent grade of commerce (Tween 20 is suitable).
DESCRIPTION Yellow or brownish yellow, oily liquid.
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE 1.073 to 1.078 g (Appendix 4.9).
Polysorbate 80 (Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monooleate)
Use general reagent grade of commerce (Tween 80 is suitable).
DESCRIPTION Yellow to amber coloured, oily liquid.
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.10 g (Appendix 4.9).
Polyvinyl Alcohol (C2H4O)n
DESCRIPTION White to cream-coloured granules, or white to cream-coloured powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water at room temperature. Solutions may be effected more rapidly at somewhat higher temperatures.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Potassium Bromide KBr = 119.00
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, cubical crystals or granular powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol.
Potassium bromide used for infrared absorption spectrophotometry complies with the following requirement.
INFRARED ABSORPTION The spectrum of a disc prepared from the material, previously dried at 250º for 1 hour, has a substantially flat baseline over the range of 4000 to 620 cm–1; it exhibits no maxima with an absorbance greater than 0.02 above the baseline with the exception of maxima due to water at 3440 and 1630 cm–1 (Appendix 2.1).
Potassium Carbonate, Anhydrous K2CO3 = 138.20
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, granular powder. Hygroscopic.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Potassium Chloride KCl = 74.55
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals or white, granular powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol.
Potassium chloride used for infrared absorption spectrophotometry complies with the following requirement.
INFRARED ABSORPTION The spectrum of a disc prepared from the material, previously dried at 250º for 1 hour, has a substantially flat baseline over the range of 4000 to 620 cm–1; it exhibits no maxima with an absorbance greater than 0.02 above the baseline with the exception of maxima due to water at 3440 and 1630 cm–1 (Appendix 2.1).
Potassium Chromate K2CrO4 = 194.19
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Yellow crystals.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water.
Potassium Cyanide KCN = 65.12
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Caution Because of the extremely poisonous nature of cyanides, all tests are to be carried out under a hood with a strong draught. In measuring solutions use a burette NOT a pipette. |
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline powder or white mass or crystals, gradually decomposing on exposure to air.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water, forming a clear, colourless solution.
Potassium Dichromate (Dipotassium Dichromate) K2Cr2O7 = 294.18
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Orange-red crystals or crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol.
Potassium dichromate used for the calibration of spectrophotometers contains not less than 99.9 per cent w/w of K2Cr2O7, calculated with reference to the substance dried at 130º for 1 hour.
Potassium Dihydrogencitrate C6H7KO7 = 230.22
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
Potassium Dihydrogenphosphate (Potassium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate) KH2PO4 = 136.09
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals or white, granular or crystalline powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol.
Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) (Potassium Ferrocyanide) K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O = 422.39
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Yellow, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water.
Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III) (Potassium Ferricyanide) K3Fe(CN)6 = 329.25
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Ruby-red crystals.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water.
Potassium Hydrogentartrate C4H5KO6 = 188.18
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline powder or colourless, slightly opaque crystals.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 165 parts of water and in 16 parts of boiling water; very slightly soluble in ethanol.
Potassium Hydroxide KOH = 56.11
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or practically white, fused masses, or small pellets, or flakes, or sticks, or other forms.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water, in ethanol and in glycerol; very soluble in boiling ethanol.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Potassium Hydroxide, 0.5 M Ethanolic Dissolve about 34 g of potassium hydroxide in 20 ml of water, and add sufficient aldehyde-free ethanol to make 1000 ml. Allow to stand for 24 hours and decant the clear supernatant liquid.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Potassium Iodide KI = 166.0
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White crystalline powder.
Potassium Nitrate KNO3 = 101.10
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals, or white crystalline powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 3.3 parts of water; very soluble in boiling water; soluble in glycerol; practically insoluble in ethanol.
Potassium Permanganate KMnO4 = 158.03
Use analytical grade of commerce.
Potassium Sodium Tartrate C4H4KNaO6.4H2O = 282.22
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals or white, crystalline powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water; almost insoluble in ethanol.
Potassium Sulfate K2SO4 = 174.26
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Hard, colourless crystals, or white granules or powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol.
Potassium Tetroxalate (Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate) C4H3KO8.2H2O = 254.2
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 60 parts of water and in 12 parts of boiling water; slightly soluble in ethanol.
1-Propanol (Isopropanol, n-Propyl Alcohol) C3H8O = 60.10
DESCRIPTION Clear, colourless liquid.
SOLUBILITY Miscible with water and with ethanol.
BOILING RANGE Not less than 95 per cent distils between 96º and 99º (Appendix 4.5).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 0.785 g (Appendix 4.9).
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) C3H6O = 58.08
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Liquid; odour, suffocating.
SOLUBILITY Soluble at 20º in 5 parts of water. Miscible with ethanol and ether.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About –81º (Appendix 4.3).
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 49º (Appendix 4.6).
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.365 at 20º (Appendix 4.7).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 0.81 g (Appendix 4.9).
Propylene Glycol (Propane-1,2-diol) C3H8O2 = 76.10
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, hygroscopic, viscous liquid.
SOLUBILITY Miscible with water, with chloroform and with ethanol; soluble in 6 parts of ether; immiscible with petroleum ether and with fixed oils.
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 187º (Appendix 4.6).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.04 g (Appendix 4.9).
Pyridylazonaphthol (1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol; PAN) C15H11N3O = 249.27
DESCRIPTION Stable, orange-red crystals.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol and in hot solutions of dilute Alkalines.
MELTING RANGE 140º to 142º (Appendix 4.3).
SENSITIVITY Add 0.1 ml of a 0.1 per cent w/v solution in ethanol to a mixture of 10 ml of water and 1 ml of a buffer
solution prepared by mixing 80 ml of 0.2 M acetic acid and 20 ml of an 8.2 per cent w/v solution of sodium acetate, and mix. To this solution add 1 ml of a mixture of 1 ml of copper(II) sulfate TS and 2 ml of water, and mix; the colour changes from yellow to red.
Pyridine C5H5N = 79.10
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless liquid; odour, unpleasant.
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 115º (Appendix 4.6).
Store in well-closed containers.
Pyridine, Anhydrous Dry pyridine over anhydrous sodium carbonate, filter and distil.
WATER Not more than 0.01 per cent w/w (Karl Fischer Method, Appendix 4.12).
Quinine Sulfate (C20H24N2O2)2.H2SO4.2H2O = 782.95
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or off-white, efflorescent, crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water, in chloroform and in ethanol; freely soluble in ethanol at 80º and in a mixture of 2 parts of chloroform and 1 part of dehydrated ethanol; sparingly soluble in water at 100º; very slightly soluble in ether.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 234º, with decomposition (Appendix 4.3).
SPECIFIC ROTATION About –220º, determined in a 0.5 per cent w/v solution in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (Appendix 4.8).
Store protected from light.
Rabies Antiserum, Fluorescein-conjugated Immunoglobulin fraction with a high rabies antibody titre, prepared from the sera of suitable animals that have been immunized with inactivated rabies virus. The immunoglobulin is conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate.
Resorcinol (Benzene-1,3-diol) C6H6O2 = 110.11
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals or crystalline powder.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 111º (Appendix 4.3).
Salicylic Acid C7H6O3 = 138.12
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals, usually in fine needles, or fluffy, white, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water and in benzene; freely soluble in ethanol and in ether; soluble in boiling water; sparingly soluble in chloroform.
MELTING RANGE 158º to 161º (Appendix 4.3).
Selenium Se = 78.96
Use a suitable grade with a content of not less than 99.99 per cent.
DESCRIPTION Dark-red amorphous, or bluish black, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Insoluble in water. Soluble in solutions of sodium and potassium hydroxides or sulfides.
Sesame Oil Sesame Oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum L. (Family Pedaliaceae).
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Pale yellow, oily liquid; almost odourless.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in ethanol; miscible with carbon disulfide, with chloroform, with ether, and with petroleum ether.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.916 to 0.921 (Appendix 4.9)
Store in tightly closed containers, protected from light and excessive heat.
Silica Gel, Self-Indicating
DESCRIPTION Amorphous, partly hydrated SiO2, occurring in glassy granules of varying sizes. It is frequently coated with a substance that changes colour when the capacity to absorb water is exhausted. Such coloured products may be regenerated (i.e., may regain their capacity to absorb water) by heating at 110º until the gel assumes the original colour.
LOSS ON IGNITION Not more than 6.0 per cent w/w (Appendix 4.16). Ignite 2 g, accurately weighed, at 950º±50º to constant weight.
WATER ABSORPTION Not less than 31.0 per cent w/w. Place about 10 g in a tared weighing bottle and weigh. Then place the bottle, with the cover removed, for 24 hours in a closed container in which the atmosphere is maintained at 80 per cent relative humidity by being in equilibrium with sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.19. Weigh and calculate the weight increase.
Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate C5H10AgNS2 = 256.13
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Pale yellow powder.
SOLUTION IN PYRIDINE A 1.0 per cent w/v solution in pyridine is clear and yellow.
Store protected from light.
Silver Nitrate AgNO3 = 169.87
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Silver Oxide Ag2O = 231.74
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Brownish black, heavy powder.
SOLUBILITY Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in ammonia TS and in dilute nitric acid; insoluble in ethanol.
Store protected from light and avoid exposing to ammonia fumes or easily oxidizable substances.
Sinapic Acid (Sinapinic Acid) C11H12O5 = 224.21
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Slightly yellow matrix substance.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 202º (Appendix 4.3).
Sodium Acetate C2H3O2Na.3H2O = 136.08
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Azide NaN3 = 65.01
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Caution Sodium azide is a potent poison. Its conjugate acid HN3 is more toxic than hydrogen cyanide and is readily liberated from neutral aqueous solutions. Contact of NaH3 or hydrazoic acid (HN3) with certain metals may produce explosive salts. Work in a well-ventilated hood, and handle the sample with care. |
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Borohydride (Sodium Tetrahydroborate) NaBH4 = 37.83
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, hygroscopic crystals.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water, soluble in anhydrous ethanol, decomposing at higher temperature or in the presence of acids or certain metal salts forming borax and hydrogen.
Store in tightly closed containers, in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3.10H2O = 286.14
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
MELTING TEMPERATURE Greater than 300º (Appendix 4.3).
Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous Na2CO3 = 105.99
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, hygroscopic powder which loses not more than 1 per cent of its weight on heating to about 300º.
SOLUBILITY Slowly soluble in water. Store in tightly closed containers.
Sodium Chloride NaCl = 58.44
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Citrate Use Sodium Citrate Dihydrate (see under “Reagents”).
Sodium Citrate Dihydrate (Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate) C6H5O7.3Na.2H2O = 294.10
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate C5H10NNaS2.3H2O = 225.30
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or colourless crystals.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water, yielding a colourless solution.
Sodium Dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.2H2O = 156.01
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Dihydrogenphosphate Monohydrate (Sodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate Monohydrate) NaH2PO4.H2O = 137.99
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) C12H25NaO4S = 288.38
Use purified grade of commerce containing not less than 99.0 per cent w/w of C12H25NaO4S.
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline flakes.
Sodium Fluoride NaF = 41.99
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce. When used in the assay of preparations containing sodium fluoride, use a grade containing not less than 99.9 per cent w/w of NaF.
DESCRIPTION White powder or colourless crystals.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 25 parts of water; practically insoluble in ethanol.
Sodium 1-Heptanesulfonate (1-Heptanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt) C7H15NaO3S = 202.24
Use chromatographic reagent grade of commerce containing not less than 96.0 per cent w/w of C7H15NaO3S.
Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (Sodium Bicarbonate) NaHCO3 = 84.01
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Hydrosulfite (Sodium Dithionite) Na2S2O4 = 174.10
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or greyish white, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol.
Store in well-closed containers.
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH = 40.00
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or practically white, fused masses, in small pellets, in flakes, or sticks, and in other forms.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water and in ethanol.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Sodium Hydroxide, Ethanolic Solutions of the requisite molarity may be obtained by dissolving the appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide in sufficient ethanol to produce 1000 ml.
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
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Caution This solution is corrosive and may evolve gases that are corrosive and toxic. It is a powerful oxidant that can react violently with reducing agents. It is irritating and corrosive to skin and mucous membranes. |
Use general reagent grade of commerce containing 10 to 14 per cent w/v of available chlorine.
DESCRIPTION Colourless to pale yellow, strongly caustic solution.
Sodium Hypophosphite (Sodium Phosphinate Monohydrate) NaH2PO2.H2O = 105.99
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Caution It explodes when triturated with chlorates or other oxidizing agents |
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, deliquescent granules; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in boiling water; freely soluble in water, in glycerol and in boiling ethanol; soluble in cold ethanol; slightly soluble in absolute ethanol; insoluble in ether.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Sodium Metabisulfite (Sodium Pyrosulfite) Na2S2O5 = 190.10
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce containing not less than 95.0 per cent w/w of Na2S2O5.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, prismatic crystals or white or creamy white powder; odour, sulfurous.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 2 parts of water; freely soluble in ethanol.
Store in well-closed containers. On exposure to air and moisture, it is slowly oxidized to sulfate, with disintegration of the crystals.
Sodium Molybdate Na2MoO4.2H2O = 241.95
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Nitrite NaNO2 = 69.00
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White to slightly yellow, granular powder, or white or practically white, opaque, fused masses or sticks. It is deliquescent in air.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol.
Sodium Nitroferricyanide (Sodium Nitroprusside) Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)].2H2O = 297.95
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Reddish brown powder or crystals.
SOLUBILITY Readily soluble in water.
Sodium Oxalate C2Na2O4 = 134.00
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water.
Sodium 1-Pentanesulfonate (1-Pentanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt) C5H11NaO3S = 174.19
Use a suitable grade. Sodium Perchlorate NaClO4.H2O = 140.46
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce containing not less than 99.0 per cent w/w of NaClO4.H2O.
DESCRIPTION White, deliquescent crystals.
Sodium Sulfate (Glauber’s Salt) Na2SO4· 10H2O = 322.19
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals or white granules; odourless. Efflorescent. Melts at 32.5°.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 1.5 parts of water; soluble in glycerol; insoluble in ethanol.
INSOLUBLE MATTER Not more than 0.01 per cent w/w (Appendix 4.13); use 10.0 g. pH 5.2 to 8.2, in a 5.0 per cent w/v solution in ammonia- and carbon dioxide-free water (Appendix 4.11).
CHLORIDE Not more than 20 ppm (Appendix 5.2). Dissolve 2.1 g in 50.0 mL of water, and filter if necessary. A 25.0-mL portion of the resulting solution shows no more chloride than that corresponds to 0.03 mL of 0.020 M hydrochloric acid.
ARSENIC Not more than 1 ppm (Appendix 5.2); use a mixture of 3.0 g and 35 mL of water as the Test Preparation.
CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND TRIVALENT OXIDE PRECIPITATE Not more than 0.02 per cent w/w. Dissolve about 5 g, accurately weighed, in 75 mL of water, filter, and add 7 mL of ammonium oxalate TS, 2 mL of ammonium phosphate TS, and 10 mL of strong ammonia solution. Stir well, and allow to stand overnight. If any precipitate forms, filter, wash with a 25 per cent v/v solution of dilute ammonia solution, ignite at 800°±25° to constant weight.
HEAVY METALS Not more than 5 ppm (Appendix 5.2); use 2.0 g. For the Standard Preparation, use lead standard solution (1 ppm Pb).
IRON Not more than 10 ppm. Dissolve 1.0 g in 47 mL of water; add 2 mL of hydrochloric acid. The solution complies with the “Limit Test for Iron” (Appendix 5.2).
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS Not more than 5 ppm. Dissolve 2.0 g in 60 mL of ammonia-free water in a flask connected through a spray trap to a condenser, the end of which dips beneath the surface of 10 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. Add to the contents of the flask 10 mL of freshly boiled sodium hydroxide TS and 500 mg of aluminium wire in small pieces, and allow to stand for 1 hour. Distil about 35 mL and dilute the distillate with water to 50 mL. Add 2 mL of sodium hydroxide TS, mix, and add 2 mL of alkaline mercuric-potassium iodide TS; the colour produced is not darker than that produced by 0.1 mL of nitrogen standard solution (100 ppm N) when similarly treated.
Sodium Sulfate, Anhydrous Na2SO4 = 142.04
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline powder or granules. Hygroscopic.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 6 parts of water; insoluble in ethanol.
ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY Dissolve 4 g in 100 ml of carbon dioxide-free water. The solution requires for neutralization to the green colour of bromothymol blue TS indicative of pH 7 not more than 0.50 ml of either 0.10 M sodium hydroxide or 0.10 M hydrochloric acid.
LOSS ON IGNITION Not more than 0.5 per cent w/w (Appendix 4.16). Weigh accurately about 2 g, and ignite at a low red heat in a tared dish.
CHLORIDE Not more than 0.07 per cent w/w (Appendix 5.2). A 500-mg sample shows no more chloride than that corresponds to 0.50 ml of 0.020 M hydrochloric acid.
IRON Not more than 20 ppm. Dissolve 500 mg in 40 ml of water and 2 ml of hydrochloric acid. The solution complies with the “Limit Test for Iron” (Appendix 5.2).
Sodium Sulfide Na2S.9H2O = 240.18
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Moist, colourless crystals. Deliquescent.
SOLUBILITY Readily soluble in water.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Sodium Tartrate C4H4O6Na2.2H2O = 230.08
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Transparent crystals.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol.
Sodium Tetraborate (Borax; Disodium Tetraborate) Na2B4O7.10H2O = 381.37
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals, crystalline masses or white crystalline powder, efflorescent; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water; very soluble in boiling water; freely soluble in glycerol.
Sodium Tetradeuteriodimethylsilapentanoate C6H9D4NaO2Si = 172.27
Use general reagent grade of commerce with an isotopic purity of not less than 99 per cent and containing not more than 0.5 per cent of water and deuterium oxide.
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water, in ethanol and in methanol.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 300º (Appendix 4.3).
Sodium Tetraphenylborate C24H20BNa = 342.22
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or slightly yellowish, bulky powder.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water and in acetone; insoluble in petroleum ether.
Sodium Thioglycolate (Sodium Mercaptoacetate) C2H3NaO2S = 114.09
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, granular powder.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water; soluble in ethanol.
Store in tightly closed containers, protected from light.
Sodium Thiosulfate Na2S2O3.5H2O = 248.17
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
Sodium Tungstate Na2WO4.2H2O = 329.86
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals, or white crystalline powder. S
OLUBILITY Readily soluble in water.
Starch, Corn
Corn Starch is obtained from the mature grain of Zea mays L. (Family Gramineae).
DESCRIPTION Microscopical Angular polyhedral granules, 2 to 23 μm in size, or rounded granules, 25 to 32 μm in size. Central hilum consisting of a distinct cavity or 2- to 5-rayed cleft; no concentric striations. Viewed under polarized light, a distinct black cross is seen, intersecting at the hilum.
LOSS ON DRYING Not more than 14.0 per cent w/w after drying at 105º to constant weight (Appendix 4.15).
ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY Triturate about 500 mg with 5 ml of water; the mixture is neutral to litmus paper.
SULFATED ASH Not more than 0.5 per cent w/w (Appendix 5.3).
Starch, Potato
Potato Starch is obtained from the tuber of Solanum tuberosum L. (Family Solanaceae).
DESCRIPTION Microscopical Single granules either irregular, ovoid, 30 to 100 μm in size, or rounded, 10 to 35 μm in size, compound granules rare, consisting of groups of two to four elements. Eccentric hilum, with clearly visible concentric striations. Viewed under polarized light, a distinct black cross is seen, intersecting at the hilum.
LOSS ON DRYING Not more than 20.0 per cent w/w after drying at 105º to constant weight (Appendix 4.15).
ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY; SULFATED ASH Complies with the requirements described under Corn Starch, p. 318.
Starch, Rice
Rice Starch is obtained from caryopsis of Oryza sativa L. (Family Gramineae).
DESCRIPTION Microscopical Polyhedral, simple or occasionally compound, granules, 2 to 10 μm in size. Central hilum, poorly visible; no concentric striations. Viewed under polarized light, a distinct black cross is seen, intersecting at the hilum.
LOSS ON DRYING Not more than 15.0 per cent w/w after drying at 105º to constant weight (Appendix 4.15).
SULFATED ASH Not more than 0.8 per cent w/w (Appendix 5.3).
Starch, Soluble Starch which has been treated with hydrochloric acid until, after being washed, it forms an almost clear limpid solution in hot water.
DESCRIPTION Fine, white powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in hot water, usually forming a slightly turbid solution.
ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY Shake 2.0 g with 20 ml of water for 3 minutes and filter: the filtrate is not alkaline, or more than faintly acid, to litmus paper.
SENSITIVITY Mix 1.0 g with a little cold water and add 200 ml of boiling water. Add 5 ml of this solution to 100 ml of water and add 0.50 ml of 0.0050 M iodine. The deep blue colour is discharged by 0.50 ml of 0.010 M sodium thiosulfate.
LOSS ON DRYING Not more than 15.0 per cent w/w after drying at 100º to constant weight (Appendix 4.15).
TOTAL ASH Not more than 0.3 per cent w/w (Appendix 7.7).
Starches Use Corn Starch, Potato Starch or Rice Starch, which complies with the following additional requirement.
SENSITIVITY Prepare a paste of 1.0 g with a small amount of cold water, and add to it, with stirring, 200 ml of boiling water. Cool, add 5 ml of the cooled solution to 100 ml of water containing about 50 mg of potassium iodide, mix, and then add 0.50 ml of 0.0050 M iodine: a deep blue colour that is discharged by 0.50 ml of 0.010 M sodium thiosulfate is produced.
Starch Iodide Paper Impregnate filter paper with a solution of 500 mg of potassium iodide in 100 ml of freshly prepared starch TS.
Strychnine Sulfate (C21H22N2O2)2.H2SO4.5H2O = 856.99
DESCRIPTION Colourless or white crystals, or white, crystalline powder. Its solutions are levorotatory.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 35 parts of water, in about 220 parts of chloroform and in 85 parts of ethanol; insoluble in ether.
SOLUBILITY TEST A solution of 500 mg in 25 ml of water is complete, clear and colourless.
SULFATED ASH Not more than 0.1 per cent w/w (Appendix 5.3).
BRUCINE To 100 mg add 1 ml of a 50 per cent v/v solution of nitric acid: a yellow colour may be observed, but not a red or reddish brown colour.
Sucrose C12H22O11 = 342.30
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Lustrous, dry, colourless crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in 0.5 part of water; slightly soluble in ethanol.
(Note When sucrose is used for polarimetry, it must be kept dry in a sealed ampoule.)
Sulfamic Acid H3NO3S = 97.09
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White crystals or crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water.
MELTING RANGE 203º to 205º, with decomposition (Appendix 4.3).
Sulfanilamide C6H8N2O2S = 172.20
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol, in dilute acid and in alkaline solutions.
MELTING RANGE 165º to 167º (Appendix 4.3).
Sulfathiazole C6H8N2O2S = 172.20
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White or yellowish white crystals or powder; odourless or almost odourless.
SOLUBILITY Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in acetone, in dilute mineral acids, in solutions of alkali hydroxides, and in 6 M ammonium hydroxide; slightly soluble in ethanol.
MELTING RANGE 200º to 203º (Appendix 4.3).
Sulfur Dioxide SO2 = 64.06
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Caution Sulfur Dioxide is poisonous. |
Use laboratory cylinder grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless gas; odour, penetrating and acrid. When passed into water, yields a clear colourless solution which is strongly acid to litmus paper.
Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 = 98.07
When no molarity is indicated, use analytical reagent grade of commerce containing about 96 per cent w/w of sulfuric acid and about 18 M in strength.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, oily, corrosive liquid.
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.84 g (Appendix 4.9).
When solutions of molarity xM are required, they should be prepared by carefully adding 54x ml of sulfuric acid to an equal volume of water and diluting to 1000 ml with water.
When “sulfuric acid” is followed by a percentage figure, an instruction to add, carefully, sulfuric acid to water to produce the specified percentage v/v (or, if required, w/w) proportion of sulfuric acid is implied.
Sulfuric Acid, Dilute Add 5.5 ml of sulfuric acid to 60 ml of water, allow to cool and add sufficient water to produce 100 ml. It contains 9.8 per cent w/v of H2SO4 and about 1 M in strength.
Sulfuric Acid, Ethanolic Solutions of the requisite molarity may be obtained by mixing sulfuric acid with ethanol as directed under Sulfuric Acid.
When “ethanolic sulfuric acid” is followed by a percentage figure, an instruction to use sulfuric acid diluted with ethanol to produce the specified percentage v/v proportion of sulfuric acid is implied. Prepare by cooling separately the required amount to about –5º, carefully adding the acid to the ethanol. Keep the solution as cool as possible and mix gently.
Sulfuric Acid, Nitrogen-free
Use nitrogen-free sulfuric acid of commerce containing about 96 per cent w/w of H2SO4.
Complies with the following additional test.
NITRATES To 5 ml of water add carefully 45 ml of the reagent being examined, allow to cool to 40º and add 8 mg of N,N’-diphenylbenzidine. The solution is faint pink or very pale blue.
Talc
Use purified grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Very fine, white or greyish white, crystalline powder. It is unctuous, adheres readily to the skin, and is free from grittiness.
Tartaric Acid C4H6O6 = 150.09
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless or translucent crystals or white, fine to granular, crystalline powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water; freely soluble in ethanol.
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide C16H36IN = 369.37
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White, shiny crystalline flakes.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol and in ether.
n-Tetradecane C14H3O = 198.39
DESCRIPTION Clear, colourless liquid.
SOLUBILITY Miscible with ethanol.
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.428 to 1.429, at 20º (Appendix 4.7).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 0.76 g (Appendix 4.9).
Tetradecylammonium Bromide C40H84BrN = 659.02
Use chromatographic reagent grade of commerce.
MELTING RANGE About 88º to 89º (Appendix 4.3).
Tetraheptylammonium Bromide C28H60BrN = 490.70
Use chromatographic reagent grade of commerce.
MELTING RANGE 89º to 91º (Appendix 4.3).
Tetrahydrofuran (Tetramethylene Oxide) C4H8O = 72.11
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Clear, colourless, flammable liquid.
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 66º (Appendix 4.5).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 0.89 g (Appendix 4.9).
Do not distil until it complies with the following test.
PEROXIDES Place 8 ml of starch-iodide TS in a groundglass-stoppered cylinder with a capacity of 12 ml and about 1.5 cm in diameter and add sufficient of the substance being examined to fill the cylinder completely, shake vigorously and allow to stand for 30 minutes protected from light. No colour is produced.
Tetrahydrofuran used in spectrophotometry complies with the following additional requirement.
TRANSMITTANCE Not less than 20 per cent at 255 nm, 80 per cent at 270 nm and 98 per cent at 310 nm, determined using water in the reference cell.
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylenediamine C6H16N2 = 116.21
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless liquid.
BOILING TEMPERTURE About 121º (Appendix 4.6).
RELATIVE DENSITY About 0.78 (Appendix 4.9).
Tetramethylsilane (CH3)4Si = 88.23
Use spectroscopic reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless liquid.
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 26º (Appendix 4.6).
REFRACTIVE INDEX About 1.358, at 20º (Appendix 4.7).
RELATIVE DENSITY About 0.64 (Appendix 4.9).
When used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, complies with the following test.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE In the NMR spectrum of a 10 per cent v/v solution of the reagent being examined in deuterochloroform, the intensity of any foreign signal, excluding those due to spinning side bands and to chloroform, is not greater than the intensity of the 13C-satellite signals located at a distance of 59.1 Hz on each side of the principal signal of tetramethylsilane.
Store at a temperature between 2º and 8º.
Tetrazolium Blue (Blue Tetrazolium Salt) C40H32Cl2N8O2 = 727.65
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Yellow crystals.
MELING TEMPERATURE About 245º, with decomposition (Appendix 4.3).
Thioacetamide C2HsNS = 75.13
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White crystals or crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water and in ethanol.
MELTING RANGE 112º to 115º (Appendix 4.3).
Thioactamide Reagent See under “Limit Test for Heavy Metals” (Appendix 5.2).
Thioglycolic Acid (Mercaptoacetic Acid) C2H4O2S = 92.12
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless or almost colourless liquid; odour, strong and unpleasant.
SOLUBILITY Miscible with water; soluble in ethanol.
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE About 1.33 g (Appendix 4.9).
Thiourea (NH2)2CS = 76.12
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White crystals or white, crystalline powder; odourless.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water and in ethanol.
MELTING RANGE 176º to 182º (Appendix 4.3).
Thorin (Naphtharson) C16H11AsN2Na2O10S2 = 576.29
Use indicator reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Red powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water.
Thrombin, Bovine A preparation of the enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
Thrombin (Human Thrombin) Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Yellowish white powder.
Store in sealed, sterile containers under nitrogen, protected from light and at a temperature below 25º.
Thymol C10H14O = 150.22
DESCRIPTION Colourless, often large, crystals, or white, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in about 1000 parts of water, in 1 part of ethanol, in 1 part of chloroform, in 1.5 parts of ether, and in about 2 parts of olive oil.
MELTING RANGE 48º to 51º, but when melted it remains liquid at a considerably lower temperature (Appendix 4.3).
NON-VOLATILE MATTER Volatilize 2 g on a water-bath and dry at 105º to constant weight. The residue weighs not more than 1 mg.
Store in tightly closed containers, protected from light.
Toluene (Methylbenzene) C7H8 = 92.14
Use analytical grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Clear, colourless liquid; odour, characteristic. Flammable.
SOLUBILITY Miscible with water and with ethanol.
BOILING TEMPERATURE About 110º (Appendix 4.5).
WEIGHT PER MILLILITRE 0.865 to 0.870 g (Appendix 4.9).
Tin(II) Chloride (Stannous Chloride) SnCl2.2H2O = 225.63
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless crystals.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid.
p-Toluidine C7H9N = 107.15
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Lustrous plates or flakes.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in ethanol, in acetone, in methanol, and in dilute acids.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 44º (Appendix 4.3).
Trichloroacetic Acid C2HCl3O2 = 163.39
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Caution Trichloroacetic Acid is highly corrosive to the skin and mucous membrane. |
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless, deliquescent crystals; odour, pungent.
SOLUBILITY Very soluble in water, in chloroform and in ethanol.
Store in tightly closed containers.
Triethylamine C6H15N = 101.19
DESCRIPTION Colourless liquid.
SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in water; miscible with ethanol, with ether and with cold water.
BOILING RANGE 89º to 90º (Appendix 4.5).
ABSORBANCE To 1.0 ml in a 50-ml volumetric flask add 10 ml of methanol and 1 ml of hydrochloric acid, and add chloroform to volume. The absorbance of this solution, determined at the wavelength of maximum absorbance at about 285 nm, with a suitable spectrophotometer, does not exceed 0.01. (Note If the absorbance exceeds 0.01, purify the triethylamine as follows. Reflux 100 ml with 20 ml of water and 2 g of sodium hydrosulfite for not less than 8 hours, wash with water, dry by refluxing, using a Dean-Stark trap, and distil, collecting only the first 75 ml of the filtrate. Store over anhydrous sodium carbonate or anhydrous potassium carbonate.)
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Iso-octane; Trimethylpentane) C8H18 = 114.23
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Colourless liquid; flammable.
RELATIVE DENSITY 0.691 to 0.696 (Appendix 4.9).
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.391 to 1.393 (Appendix 4.7).
DISTILLATION RANGE Not less than 95 per cent distils between 98º and 100º (Appendix 4.5).
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane used in spectrophotometry complies with the following additional requirement.
TRANSMITTANCE Not less than 98 per cent between 250 and 420 nm (Appendix 2.2), using water as the blank.
2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (Picric Acid) C6H3N3O7 = 229.11
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Caution Explodes when heated rapidly or subjected to percussion. Store moistened with water. Moistened with an equal weight of water for safety. |
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Yellow prisms or plates.
Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine (BP p.A126) (Trometamol; Tromethamine; Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane) C4H11NO3 = 121.14
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 170º (Appendix 4.3).
Urea CH4N2O = 60.06
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION White crystals or crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Freely soluble in water and in boiling ethanol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 133º (Appendix 4.3).
Water H2O = 18.02
Use Purified Water of the Official Pharmacopoeia.
Water, Carbon Dioxide-free Water that has been boiled vigorously for a few minutes and protected from the atmosphere during cooling and storage.
Water, Particle-free Filter water through a membrane with a pore size of 0.22 μm.
Xanthydrol C13H10O2 = 198.22
DESCRIPTION Pale yellow, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Insoluble in water; soluble in ethanol, in chloroform and in ether. Soluble in glacial acetic acid, forming a practically colourless solution; but when the powder is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid: a lemonyellow colour is produced.
MELTING RANGE 121º to 123º (Appendix 4.3).
SULFATED ASH Not more than 2.0 per cent w/w (Appendix 5.3).
Xylene Cyanol FF (Xylene Cyanole FF; Acid Blue 147) C25H27N2NaO6S2 = 538.61
DESCRIPTION Grey-blue to dark blue powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water.
MELTING TEMPERATURE About 295º, with decomposition (Appendix 4.3).
Xylenol Orange C31H28N2Na4O13S = 760.59
Use general reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Reddish brown, crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY Soluble in water and in ethanol.
In acid solution, it is yellow in colour and its metal complexes are intensely red. It yields a distinct endpoint where a metal such as bismuth, cadmium, lanthanum, lead, mercury, scandium, thorium, or zinc is titrated with disodium edetate.
Xylenol Orange Mixture Triturate 1 part of xylenol orange with 99 parts of potassium nitrate.
SENSITIVITY Add 50 mg to a mixture of 50 ml of water, 1 ml of 2 M acetic acid and 0.05 ml of 0.10 M lead(II) nitrate. Add sufficient methenamine to change the colour from yellow to violet, and add 0.10 ml of 0.10 M disodium edetate: the colour changes to yellow.
Xylose C5H10O5 = 150.13
For microbiological purposes, use a suitable grade.
Zinc Zn = 65.38 Use analytical reagent grade of commerce.
DESCRIPTION Bright silver-grey, metallic granules, or powder.
Zinc, Granulated Use Zinc (see under “Reagents”).
Zinc Powder Zn = 65.38
Use analytical reagent grade of commerce containing not less than 90.0 per cent of Zn.
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